abstract

Abstract

This technical note describes a highly sensitive quantification workflow for cyclic peptides in rat plasma using accurate mass spectrometry. Low-level quantification was achieved with outstanding accuracy, precision and linearity. A lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.4 ng/mL was reached for eptifibatide, a model cyclic peptide, exhibiting a more than three-fold improvement in LLOQ compared to previous methods. ^1-3 Overall, a five-fold signal-to-noise (S/N) improvement was observed using Zeno SIM compared with traditional MS, demonstrating greater sensitivity with the application of the Zeno trap (Figure 1).

Cyclic peptides are polypeptides in the configuration of a ring formed by chemically stable bonds, such as disulfide bonds between two cysteine residues. Cyclic peptides have been identified as critical therapeutic candidates given their structural stability and conformational rigidity. The stability of a cyclic bond enhances biological activity compared to a linear peptide. As a result, cyclic peptides have emerged as successful therapeutic species in relation to cardiovascular diseases.⁴

With emerging interest in the advancement of cyclic peptide therapeutics, there is an equivalent drive toward developing highly robust and sensitive quantitative methods. However, current bioanalytical methods for the quantification of cyclic peptides in biological matrices still present challenges. For LCMS-based methods, high baseline interference and resistance to collision induced dissociation (CID), given the complex tertiary structure of cyclic peptides, have an impact on overall sensitivity.

In this technical note, eptifibatide was selected as a model analyte to evaluate the quantitative performance of cyclic peptides on the ZenoTOF 7600 system. Zeno SIM, Zeno CID and Zeno electron activated dissociation (EAD) modes were evaluated for quantification. The Zeno SIM approach enabled low-level quantification of cyclic peptides compared to the Zeno CID and Zeno EAD approaches. In addition, the Zeno SIM workflow facilitated an overall reduction in method development time with minimal ion path tuning, offering a simple quantitative workflow for cyclic peptides.

Figure 1. Zeno SIM offers greater sensitivity for the quantification of cyclic peptides. A 5-fold S/N (peak-to-peak) improvement was observed with the application of Zeno SIM compared to traditional MS.

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key-features

Key features for cyclic peptide quantification using the ZenoTOF 7600 system and SCIEX OS software

• A five-fold S/N improvement using Zeno SIM compared with traditional MS for sensitive quantification of hard-to-fragment cyclic peptides
• A simplified method development paradigm for cyclic peptide quantification when using the Zeno SIM methodology
• Low-level quantification of cyclic peptides in rat plasma with exceptional linearity, precision and accuracy • A single platform for streamlined data acquisition, processing and management with SCIEX OS software

Table 2. Source and MS conditions, and Zeno trap settings.

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methods

Methods

Sample preparation: The rat plasma was protein precipitated and the supernatant was diluted 1:1 (v/v) by water and served as the processed biological matrix. Eptifibatide and a labeled cyclic peptide as an internal standard (IS) were spiked into the processed rat plasma. The concentration of the IS in the solution was 10 ng/mL. Serial dilution with processed plasma was performed to create the calibration curves for analysis.

Chromatography: The separation was performed at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min using an ExionLC system. A HALO BioClass Peptide ES-C18 column (2.1 x 50 mm, 2.7 µm, 160 Å) was used for separation. The column oven temperature was set to 40ºC. The mobile phase A consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water, while the mobile phase B was composed of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. A volume of 20 µL was injected for analysis. Chromatographic conditions are summarized in Table 1.

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Mass spectrometry:Data were acquired in positive mode using Zeno CID, Zeno SIM and Zeno EAD on a ZenoTOF 7600 system. Zeno SIM is a Zeno MRM^HR workflow with minimal CE to enable monitoring of the intact precursor ion. An MRM^HR workflow was applied for all MS modes examined. The source was operated in positive ion mode. Collision energy (CE) and other source and MS parameters were optimized for eptifibatide.

A summary of the source and MS parameters and the Zeno trap settings is displayed in Table 2.

For Zeno CID and Zeno EAD, a suitable m/z range of fragment ions was monitored. EAD parameters such as ETC, electron KE and reaction time were optimized for eptifibatide, as shown in Table 3.

Table 3. EAD conditions.

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Data processing: Zeno CID, Zeno SIM and Zeno EAD data were processed using the Analytics function in SCIEX OS software 2.0 with the MQ4 integration algorithm. A 1/x² weighting was used for quantification.

Figure 2. Extracted ion chromatograms (XICs) of matrix blank and LLOQ using Zeno CID (A), Zeno EAD (B) and Zeno SIM (C). No matrix interferences were observed for the modes examined.

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overview

Overview of the cyclic peptide workflow

Eptifibatide was used as a model analyte to evaluate the quantification of cyclic peptides on the ZenoTOF 7600 system. Eptifibatide was spiked into processed rat plasma at concentrations ranging from 0.4 ng/mL to 423 ng/mL. The precursor ion for eptifibatide,  m/z  832.3215, was applied for quantitative workflows involving Zeno CID, Zeno EAD and Zeno SIM.

For Zeno CID, fragment ions were monitored in the  m/z  400 to  m/z  900 range. The Zeno EAD workflow captured fragment ions in the m/z 100 to m/z 900 range. For quantification using Zeno CID and Zeno EAD, the most intense fragment ions were summed for optimal assay sensitivity.

Evaluation of quantitative MS modes for cyclic peptides

In this workflow, quantification of cyclic peptides was compared using Zeno SIM, Zeno CID and Zeno EAD. All calibration points were measured in triplicates. The LLOQ was determined based on the requirements that the %CV of the average of the concentration must be below 20% and the accuracy must be between 80% and 120%. For the concentrations above the LLOQ, the %CV of the mean of the calculated concentration was required to be below 15% and the accuracy was required to be between 85% and 115%.

An LLOQ of 1.69 ng/mL, 8.46 ng/mL and 0.4 ng/mL was achieved using the Zeno CID, Zeno EAD and Zeno SIM modes, respectively (Figure 2). In this case, the best sensitivity was reached using Zeno SIM with up to a four-fold improvement in LLOQ compared with Zeno CID and a 21-fold improvement in LLOQ compared with Zeno EAD.

This suggests that for complex peptides, such as those with disulfide-bridged modifications, resistance to fragmentation may cause a loss in sensitivity for quantitative assays, unless analyzed with a high duty cycle triple quadrupole system such as the SCIEX 7500 system. 5 With Zeno SIM mode, the precursor ion was used for quantification with the application of the Zeno trap, which enhances overall sensitivity. In addition to the benefits of the Zeno trap in Zeno SIM mode, the workflow offers reduced method development time with less ion path tuning. As a result, the Zeno SIM approach presents the most sensitive and simple workflow for the quantification of cyclic peptides.

Quantitative performance of Zeno SIM

For Zeno SIM, the overall linear range covered 0.42 ng/mL to 423 ng/mL. A linear dynamic range (LDR) was confirmed to be three orders of magnitude (Figure 3).

Calculated concentrations for each calibration point were within ±15% of the nominal value, even at the level of the LLOQ (Table 4). As shown in Table 4, the precision was less than 13%, demonstrating high reproducibility.

The quantitative results—including accuracy, precision and linearity—for the data acquired using Zeno CID and Zeno EAD were comparable to Zeno SIM (data not shown).

Figure 3. Calibration curve for eptifibatide. The linear range covered 0.42 ng/mL to 423 ng/mL with an overall LDR of three orders of magnitude.

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conclusion

Conclusion

• A five-fold S/N improvement was achieved using Zeno SIM compared with traditional MS for sensitive quantification of hard-to-fragment cyclic peptides.
• Development of a simple workflow for cyclic peptide quantification was accomplished with less method development time using the Zeno SIM approach.
• Low-level quantification of cyclic peptides in rat plasma was reached with exceptional linearity, precision and accuracy.
• An LLOQ of 0.4 ng/mL was reached for eptifibatide, demonstrating a more than three-fold improvement in LLOQ compared to previous methods. ^1-3
• A single platform for streamlined data acquisition, processing and management with SCIEX OS software was presented. content here

references

References

1. Chen, J. et al. (2018). J. Pharm. and Biomed. Analysis, 159, 217-223.
2. Liu, J. et al. (2009). J. Chrom. B, 877(5-6), 527-532.
3. Zhou, Z. et al. (2010). J. Chrom. B, 878(23), 2094-2100.
4. Das BB, Solinger R (2009). Cardiovasc. Hematol. Agents Med. Chem. 7(1), 29-42.
5. Improved LC-MRM quantification sensitivity for cyclic peptides from the natriuretic peptide family. SCIEX technical note, RUO-MKT-02-11883-A.